Region 1: forager dimensions changes over the foraging year
To your first region, each mixture of predictors is actually looked at 3 times, making use of the three looks proportions given that effect details. I modelled the effects out-of “months” and you may “locations” (i.elizabeth. apiary ID) on the proportions aspect and on its coefficient out of variation (CoV). We tested the result away from months since the a very important factor and have given that a covariate in separate activities. Even more precisely, when assessment weeks while the a factor, we checked-out to possess a positive change in dimensions measurements ranging from any kind of the newest months, whereas when investigations days just like the a good covariate, we checked to have a general pattern (increase or fall off) along side days. While doing so, i looked at the consequences out-of colony size and of if or not a beneficial colony swarmed when you look at the independent models because suggestions are available merely to own a beneficial subset of territories. I thought colonies getting swarmed immediately following swarming happened and you will together with whenever they were split to cease absolute swarming (did regarding the presence out of swarm structure). To check on whether or not swarming impacted human anatomy dimensions measurements, we compared the body proportions in the few days before swarming so you’re able to proportions drawn the three after the days.
Hence, the brand new relationship between your areas of the body is actually similar in most three cities
From the second area, i made use of LMEs to test whether or not the waggle work with duration of bees out-of a colony try attached to the mediocre direct dimensions off bees out-of one colony. For the past area, LMEs were performed to check if waggle manage years conveyed from the a performer are correlated cheekylovers profile search with the direct thickness of the same dancer.
Abilities
The three body measurements were highly correlated (LME; head-wing ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001; head-leg ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001; wing-leg ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001). There was no interaction with location (LME; head-wing ? 2 2 = 2.1167, P = 0.347; head-leg ? 2 2 = 1.5043, P = 0.471342; wing-leg ? 2 2 = 1.6048, P = 0.4483). Our results also indicated that the relationship between the leg width and the head width was allometric (slope = 2.2, CI 2.09–2.3), as well as the relationship between the leg width and the forewing length (slope = 2.08, CI 1.99–2.18). The relationship between the head width and forewing length was isometric (slope = 1.05, CI 1–1.09).
Using month as a factor, a significant interaction was found between the months and the locations for each body part (head ? 2 fourteen = 55.5, P = <0.0001; wing ? 2 14 = 27.5, P = 0.0164; leg ? 2 14 = , P < 0.0001). Thus, the change in size during the season differed between locations. More precisely, the two apiaries in Lausanne show highly significant differences of bee size between the months (see Table I). This is not the case for the apiary in Liebefeld (except for the leg measurements, Table I). To explore the temporal effects further, we used month as covariate to test if there was a tendency of bees to increase in size during the study period. We found that the three body measurements significantly increased over the months (LME; head ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001; wing ? 2 1 = , P = 0.0007; leg ? 2 1 = 7.1524, P = 0.007) (Figure 2). Subsequent analyses, exploring general patterns over the months, found no interaction between the month and the location (head ? 2 2 = 1.8578, P = 0.395; wing ? 2 2 = 4.9916, P = 0.082; leg ? 2 2 = 1.012, P = 0.603).
Direct thickness (a), forewing size (b) and you will hind toes width (c) separated by the apiaries by weeks. Package plots into remaining portray Liebefeld apiary (Liebefeld), in the middle portray brand new patio apiary from inside the Lausanne (Terrace) as well as on best portray brand new roof apiary inside Lausanne (Roof). New boxes suggest the details between the 25 and you can 75 % quartiles including the median (black colored range); the whiskers portray the minimum and maximum thinking, outliers excluded (illustrated because of the unlock sectors).